Kuna mamakin yadda ake zabar sandunan walda na sanda daidai don aikace-aikacen?
Samun amsoshin tambayoyin akai-akai game da igiyar lantarki.
Ko kai DIYer ne da ke manne wa welding ƴan lokuta a shekara ko ƙwararriyar walda wacce ke walda kowace rana, abu ɗaya tabbatacce ne: Walƙar sandar sanda tana buƙatar fasaha da yawa.Hakanan yana buƙatar wasu sani game da na'urorin lantarki (wanda ake kira walda rods).
Saboda sauye-sauye kamar dabarun ajiya, diamita na lantarki da abun da ke tattare da juyi duk suna ba da gudummawa ga zaɓin sanda da aiki, ɗaukar kanku da wasu ilimin asali na iya taimaka muku rage ruɗani kuma mafi kyawun tabbatar da nasarar walda.
1. Wadanne na'urori na sanda sun fi yawa?
Daruruwa, idan ba dubbai ba, na'urorin lantarki na sanda sun wanzu, amma mafi shaharar faɗuwa cikin Ƙungiyar Welding Society (AWS) A5.1 Specificification for Carbon Karfe Electrodes don Garkuwar Karfe Arc Welding.Wadannan sun hada da E6010, E6011, E6012, E6013, E7014, E7024 da E7018.
2. Menene ma'anar ma'anar ma'anar sandar sandar AWS?
Don taimakawa gano na'urorin lantarki, AWS na amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin rarrabawa.Rarraba suna ɗaukar nau'ikan lambobi da haruffa da aka buga a gefen igiyoyin lantarki, kuma kowanne yana wakiltar takamaiman kaddarorin lantarki.
Don ƙananan lantarki na ƙarfe da aka ambata a sama, ga yadda tsarin AWS ke aiki:
● Harafin “E” yana nuna lantarki.
Lambobi biyu na farko suna wakiltar mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin juzu'in walda, wanda aka auna shi cikin fam a kowane inci murabba'i (psi).Misali, lamba 70 a cikin na'urar lantarki ta E7018 tana nuna cewa wutar lantarki za ta samar da bead ɗin walda mai ƙaramin ƙarfi na 70,000 psi.
Lamba na uku yana wakiltar matsayi(s) waldi wanda za'a iya amfani da lantarki don shi.Misali, 1 yana nufin za a iya amfani da lantarki a kowane matsayi kuma 2 yana nufin ana iya amfani da shi akan walƙiya mai ɗaki da kwance a kwance kawai.
Lamba na huɗu yana wakiltar nau'in shafi da nau'in walda na yanzu (AC, DC ko duka biyu) waɗanda za a iya amfani da su tare da lantarki.
3. Menene bambance-bambance tsakanin E6010, E6011, E6012 da E6013 kuma yaushe ya kamata a yi amfani da su?
● Ana iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki na E6010 tare da tushen wutar lantarki na yanzu (DC).Suna isar da shiga mai zurfi da ikon tona ta hanyar tsatsa, mai, fenti da datti.Yawancin gogaggun masu walda bututu suna amfani da waɗannan na'urorin lantarki na kowane matsayi don tushen walda a kan bututu.Koyaya, na'urorin lantarki na E6010 suna da madaidaicin baka, wanda zai iya sa su wahala ga sabbin masu walda don amfani.
● Ana iya amfani da na'urorin lantarki na E6011 don waldawar duk wani matsayi ta amfani da madafan ikon walda na yanzu (AC).Kamar E6010 na'urorin lantarki, E6011 na'urorin lantarki suna samar da baka mai zurfi, mai shiga da ke yanke ta gurɓatattun ƙarfe ko ƙazanta.Yawancin masu walda suna zaɓar na'urorin lantarki na E6011 don kulawa da aikin gyara lokacin da babu tushen wutar lantarki na DC.
● E6012 na'urorin lantarki suna aiki da kyau a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haɗakar da tazara tsakanin haɗin gwiwa biyu.Yawancin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru kuma suna zaɓar na'urorin lantarki na E6012 don babban sauri, masu walƙiya fillet na yau da kullun a cikin matsayi na kwance, amma waɗannan na'urorin lantarki suna haifar da bayanan shiga mara zurfi da ƙarancin slag wanda zai buƙaci ƙarin tsaftacewa bayan walda.
● E6013 na'urorin lantarki suna samar da baka mai laushi tare da ƙananan spatter, suna ba da tsaka-tsaki mai tsaka-tsaki kuma suna da kullun da za a iya cirewa.Ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan na'urorin lantarki kawai don walda tsabta, sabon ƙarfe.
4. Menene bambance-bambance tsakanin E7014, E7018 da E7024 lantarki kuma yaushe ya kamata a yi amfani da su?
E7014 na'urorin lantarki suna samar da kusan shigar haɗin haɗin gwiwa kamar na'urorin lantarki na E6012 kuma an ƙera su don amfani da carbon da ƙananan ƙarfe.E7014 na'urorin lantarki sun ƙunshi babban adadin ƙarfe foda, wanda ke ƙara yawan adadin kuɗi.Hakanan ana iya amfani da su a mafi girma amperage fiye da E6012 lantarki.
● E7018 na'urorin lantarki sun ƙunshi kauri mai kauri tare da babban abun ciki na foda kuma suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi na lantarki don amfani.Waɗannan na'urorin lantarki suna samar da baka mai santsi, shiru tare da ƙaramar spatter da matsakaicin shigar baka.Yawancin masu walda suna amfani da lantarki na E7018 don walda karafa masu kauri kamar tsarin karfe.E7018 lantarki kuma samar da karfi welds tare da high tasiri Properties (ko da a cikin sanyi weather) kuma za a iya amfani da a kan carbon karfe, high-carbon, low-alloy ko high-ƙarfi karfe tushe karafa.
● E7024 na'urorin lantarki sun ƙunshi babban adadin foda na ƙarfe wanda ke taimakawa ƙara yawan adadin kuɗi.Yawancin masu walda suna amfani da na'urorin lantarki na E7024 don babban saurin kwance ko lebur waldi.Waɗannan na'urorin lantarki suna aiki da kyau akan farantin karfe wanda ya kai aƙalla kauri 1/4-inch.Hakanan ana iya amfani da su akan karafa waɗanda suka auna sama da 1/2-inch lokacin farin ciki.
5. Ta yaya zan zabi igiya lantarki?
Da farko, zaɓi na'urar lantarki ta sanda wacce ta yi daidai da kaddarorin ƙarfi da abun da ke tattare da ƙarfen tushe.Misali, lokacin aiki akan ƙaramin ƙarfe, gabaɗaya kowane E60 ko E70 na lantarki zai yi aiki.
Na gaba, daidaita nau'in lantarki zuwa matsayin walda kuma la'akari da samuwan wutar lantarki.Ka tuna, ana iya amfani da wasu na'urorin lantarki tare da DC ko AC kawai, yayin da sauran na'urori za a iya amfani da su tare da DC da AC.
Yi la'akari da ƙirar haɗin gwiwa da daidaitawa kuma zaɓi na'urar lantarki wanda zai samar da mafi kyawun halayen shigar (digging, matsakaici ko haske).Lokacin yin aiki akan haɗin gwiwa tare da madaidaicin dacewa ko wanda ba a ɗaure ba, na'urorin lantarki kamar E6010 ko E6011 za su samar da baka mai tono don tabbatar da isassun shiga.Don kayan bakin ciki ko haɗin gwiwa tare da buɗewar tushen tushe, zaɓi na'urar lantarki mai haske ko baka mai laushi kamar E6013.
Don guje wa fashewar walda akan kauri, abu mai nauyi da/ko rikitattun ƙirar haɗin gwiwa, zaɓi na'urar lantarki mai matsakaicin ductility.Hakanan la'akari da yanayin sabis ɗin ɓangaren zai ci karo da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun da dole ne ya cika.Za a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki, babban zafin jiki ko yanayin da ake ɗaukar girgiza?Don waɗannan aikace-aikacen, ƙarancin lantarki na E7018 na hydrogen yana aiki da kyau.
Hakanan la'akari da ingancin samarwa.Lokacin aiki a cikin lebur matsayi, electrodes tare da babban ƙarfe foda abun ciki, kamar E7014 ko E7024, bayar da mafi girma ajiya rates.
Don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci, koyaushe bincika ƙayyadaddun walda da hanyoyin don nau'in lantarki.
6. Wane aiki magudanar da ke kewaye da igiyar igiyar igiya ke aiki?
Duk na'urorin lantarki na sanda sun ƙunshi sanda da ke kewaye da abin rufe fuska da ake kira flux, wanda ke yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa.A haƙiƙanin juyi, ko abin rufewa, akan lantarki ne ke bayyana inda da kuma yadda za'a iya amfani da na'urar.
Lokacin da aka buga baka, motsin yana ƙonewa kuma yana samar da jerin hadaddun halayen sinadarai.Yayin da abubuwan da ke gudana suna ƙonewa a cikin baka na walda, suna fitar da iskar gas don kare narkakken tafkin walda daga ƙazantattun yanayi.Lokacin da tafkin walda ya huce, jujjuyawar tana haifar da slag don kare ƙarfen walda daga iskar shaka da kuma hana porosity a cikin walda ɗin.
Flux yana ƙunshe da abubuwan ionizing waɗanda ke sa baka ya fi kwanciyar hankali (musamman lokacin waldawa tare da tushen wutar AC), tare da gami waɗanda ke ba wa walda ƙarfinsa da ƙarfi.
Wasu na'urorin lantarki suna amfani da juzu'i tare da mafi girman maida hankali na foda na ƙarfe don taimakawa haɓaka ƙimar ajiya, yayin da wasu sun ƙunshi ƙarin abubuwan deoxidizers waɗanda ke aiki azaman kayan tsaftacewa kuma suna iya shiga gurɓatattun kayan aiki ko ƙazanta ko sikelin niƙa.
7. Yaushe ya kamata a yi amfani da na'ura mai tsayi mai tsayi?
Maɗaukakin adadin na'urorin lantarki na iya taimakawa wajen kammala aiki da sauri, amma waɗannan na'urori suna da iyaka.Ƙarin foda na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin waɗannan na'urorin lantarki yana sa tafkin walda ya fi ruwa sosai, ma'ana cewa ba za a iya amfani da manyan na'urorin sakawa a cikin aikace-aikacen da ba su da matsayi.
Hakanan ba za a iya amfani da su don aikace-aikace masu mahimmanci ko lambar da ake buƙata ba, kamar jirgin ruwa mai matsa lamba ko ƙirƙira tukunyar jirgi, inda beads ɗin walda ke fuskantar babban damuwa.
Manyan na'urori masu auna wutar lantarki babban zaɓi ne don aikace-aikacen da ba su da mahimmanci, kamar walda tankin ajiyar ruwa mai sauƙi ko guda biyu na ƙarfe mara tsari tare.
8. Menene hanyar da ta dace don adanawa da sake busassun igiyoyin lantarki?
Wuri mai zafi, ƙarancin zafi shine mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya don igiyoyin igiya.Misali, da yawa m karfe, low hydrogen E7018 electrodes bukatar a adana a zazzabi tsakanin 250- da 300-digiri Fahrenheit.
Gabaɗaya, yanayin sake daidaitawa don na'urorin lantarki sun fi yawan zafin jiki, wanda ke taimakawa kawar da danshi mai yawa.Don sake daidaita ƙananan lantarki E7018 na lantarki da aka tattauna a sama, yanayin sake daidaitawa ya tashi daga 500 zuwa 800 F na sa'o'i daya zuwa biyu.
Wasu na'urorin lantarki, kamar E6011, suna buƙatar kawai a adana su bushe a cikin zafin jiki, wanda aka bayyana azaman yanayin zafi wanda bai wuce kashi 70 ba a zazzabi tsakanin 40 zuwa 120 F.
Don takamaiman ma'aji da lokutan gyarawa da yanayin zafi, koyaushe koma zuwa shawarwarin masana'anta.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-23-2022